vertical merger การใช้

• The Clinton administration has taken a more vigorous stance on vertical mergers.
• There are two basic forms of non-horizontal mergers : vertical mergers and conglomerate mergers.
• During Republican administrations, federal antitrust authorities generally ignored vertical mergers.
• "The government and this agency haven't won a vertical merger case in 20 or 25 years.
• Vertical mergers have very few guidelines and few standards so it's much more an unknown ."
• What is needed, many say, are vertical mergers _ the combination of companies offering different, though complementary, services.
• The Clinton administration, though, last year brought the Justice Department's first vertical merger challenge in more than 10 years.
• Vertical mergers have significant potential to create efficiencies largely because the upstream and downstream products or services complement each other.
• "We're not going to start an offensive against all vertical mergers, but some of them are a problem, " he said.
• Pitofsky continued, " it is that in these vertical mergers, we are going to pay close attention to barriers to entry ."
• Conglomerate mergers between companies in different businesses are now acceptable, as are vertical mergers between suppliers and producers in the same industry.
• WorldCom-Sprint is a very different sort of merger in that it is a straight horizontal merger, and AOL-Time Warner is a vertical merger.
• He said antitrust law on so-called vertical mergers _ those between companies and their suppliers or distributors _ does not generally favor the government.
• In a vertical merger, where the companies have been offering different services, the combined company cannot hope to save as much by eliminating duplicate operations.
• In purely vertical mergers there is no direct loss in competition as in horizontal mergers because the parties'products did not compete in the same relevant market.
• Pitofsky said the analysis should not be taken as a sign that the agency had reversed its general policy, which has been lenient toward vertical mergers.
• It brought the first case to block a vertical merger _ the acquisition of the Liberty Media Corp . by Tele-Communications Inc . _ in 11 years.
• The Justice Department, in 1994, brought its first vertical merger challenge in more than 10 years in a case involving TCI and its former Liberty Media Corp . unit.
• However, it should be noted that in general vertical merger concerns are likely to arise only if market power already exists in one or more markets along the supply chain.
• Telecommunications executives and investment bankers, who earn substantial fees when they arrange mergers, are among those now arguing that vertical mergers could be even better for consumers than horizontal ones.